Uncommon patterns of antinuclear antibodies recognizing mitotic spindle apparatus antigens and clinical associations.

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are key biomarkers in the evaluation of rheumatic diseases. The prevalence and clinical significance of uncommon or rare patterns, particularly those directed at the mitotic spindle apparatus (MSA), are not well understood. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of anti-MSA patterns in a Colombian population.During 2013 and 2014, 113,491 consecutive determinations of ANA were studied for the presence of uncommon patterns. Clinical and laboratory data of anti-MSA positive patients were retrospectively collected and analyzed.Of the 113,491 patients tested, 60,501 (53%) were positive for ANA, of which 834 (1.3%) were positive for uncommon/rare patterns of ANA (anti-MSA in 592 cases). Of these 592 cases, complete data were available in 329 patients, of whom 116 had an established diagnosis. Anti-MSA antibodies were the only ANA positive test in 81% patients. At least one fine reactivity was identified in 19/116 (16.3%) of ANA-positive patients, of which anti-Ro was the most prevalent (18/116, 15.5%).The most frequent patterns were nuclear mitotic apparatus (NuMA) (56%) and MSA-2 (25%). The NuMA pattern had the highest ANA titers: mean 320 (range 80-2560) and behaved as monospecific antibodies. The most frequent systemic autoimmune diseases were Sjögren syndrome (SS) (18.1%), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (13.8%), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (11%). Undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) was associated with the centrosome (P < .001), NuMA (P < .02) and MSA-2 (P < .45) patterns. Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) was associated with the NuMA pattern (P < .02) and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) was associated with the MSA-2 (P < .001), centrosome (P < .68) and CENP-F (P < .38) patterns, previously unreported findings. Malignancies were found in 8 patients (50% were papillary thyroid cancer).In a large cohort of ANA determinations, uncommon patterns were found in around 1% of cases. The most frequent anti-MSA patterns found were NuMA and MSA-2. More than 50% of patients with anti-MSA had an associated CTD, mainly SS, RA and SLE, and anti-MSA behaved as monospecific antibodies. Other entities of presumed autoimmune origin, like CIU and SNHL, might be associated with these patterns.

[Health services access survey for Colombian households]. / Encuesta de acceso a servicios de salud para hogares colombianos.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to design and validate a health services access survey for households in Colombia to provide a methodological tool that allows the country to accumulate evidence of real-life access conditions experienced by the Colombian population. METHODS: A validation study with experts and a pilot study were performed. It was conducted in the municipality of Jamundi, located in the department of Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Probabilistic, multistage and stratified cluster sampling was carried out. The final sample was 215 households. RESULTS: The survey was composed of 63 questions divided into five modules: socio-demographic profile of the head of the household or adult informant, household socioeconomic profile, access to preventive services, access to curative and rehabilitative services and household out of pocket expenditure. In descriptive terms, the promotion of preventive services only reached 44%; the use of these services was always highest among children younger than one year old and up to the age of ten. The perceived need for emergency medical care and hospitalisation was between 82% and 85%, but 36% perceived the quality of care to be low or very low. Delays were experienced in medical visits with GPs and specialists. DISCUSSION: The designed survey is valid, relevant and representative of access to health services in Colombia. Empirically, the pilot showed institutional weaknesses in a municipality of the country, indicating that health coverage does not in practice mean real and effective access to health services.

Infección por Bordetella pertussis en contactos domiciliarios de casos de tosferina en el suroriente de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia 2006-2007 / Bordetella pertussis infection in household contacts of cases of pertussis in the southeast zone of the city of Cali, Colombia, 2006-2007

Introducción: Bordetella pertussis causa tos ferina o tos convulsiva, enfermedad contagiosa e inmunoprevenible, una de las primeras 10 causas de muerte entre niños menores de 1 año, al no estar completamente inmunizados. Se considera reemergente en varios países, con altas tasas de complicaciones y hospitalizaciones.Objetivo: conocer la proporción de infección por B. pertussis, entre casos sospechosos de tosferina y sus contactos domiciliarios entre niños del suroriente de Cali, área geográfica con mayor demanda de consulta por esta infección.Metodología: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se tomaron datos epidemiológicos y muestras nasofaringeas a 24 casos sospechosos y sus 109 contactos domiciliarios. Las muestras se analizaron por la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real (Q-PCR) y por cultivo.Resultados: La proporción de positividad entre los casos por la técnica de Q-PCR fue de 50% (12/24) y 40% por la técnica de cultivo (8/20), con buena concordancia entre las dos técnicas (Kappa 0.61). En cuanto a los contactos, 30.3% (33/109) (IC 95%: 21.8%-39.8%) resultaron positivos. Los contactos hermanos (7/15) y las madres (7/22) presentaron la mayor proporción de positividad. En cuanto a la edad, 60% con 4 años (3/5) y 50% en el grupo de 45- 64 años. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre la presencia o ausencia de síntomas y la presencia de infección por B. pertussis, excepto en la presencia de flujo nasal (moquiadera) (27%) y tos (36%) durante el último mes.Conclusiones: El estudio confirma la alta prevalencia de infección asintomática por B. pertussis entre contactos domiciliarios de niños con sintomatología de tosferina y la transmisión domiciliaria de la misma. En Cali es necesario revisar la efectividad de las estrategias de control implementadas y la utilización de un esquema de vacunación que no cubre a la población adolescente y adulta como control del foco de infección.

Introduction: Bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough or convulsive cough, a contagious and immune-preventable disease. It is one of the 10 leading causes of death among children younger than one year of age, when not completely immunized. It is considered reemerging in several countries, with high rates of complications and hospitalizations.Methodology: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Epidemiological data and nasopharyngeal samples were taken from 24 suspected cases and from their 109 household contacts. The samples were analyzed via real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and through culture.Results: The proportion of positivity among the cases via the Q-PCR technique was at 50% (12/24) and at 40% via the culture technique (8/20), with good agreement between both techniques (Kappa 0.61). Regarding the household contacts, 30.3% (33/109) (CI 95%: 21.8%-39.8%) tested positive. The sibling contacts (7/15) and the mothers (7/22) presented the greatest proportion of positivity. Regarding age, 60% were 4 years of age (3/5) and 50% were in the group comprised of individuals 45 to 64 years of age. No significant differences were found among the presence or absence of symptoms and the presence of B. pertussis infection, except for the presence of nasal secretions (runny nose) (27%) and coughing (36%) during the last month.Conclusions: The study confirms the high prevalence of asymptomatic infection by B. pertussis among household contacts of children with whooping cough symptomatology and its household transmission. In Cali, health authorities need to review the effectiveness of implemented control strategies and the use of a vaccination scheme that does not cover adolescent and adult populations as a focus of infection control.